The formation of geothermal resources in basic rock mountain areas should have five basic elements, such as reserve, cover, tunnel, source and block. Taking geothermal origin in Wantang area of Zhuzhou city in Hunan province as an example, how to analyze the above five elements by means of geothermal exploration in this area have been introduced. Thus, a reservoir conceptual model can be set up, and the location of geothermal wells can be determined. In order to increase success rate of the geothermal wells, it is recommended air-lift reverse circulation drilling technology of clear water during drilling construction can be used in basic rock mountainous areas.