On the basis of selecting one sample in the shallow layer within the scope of 4km2 and one sample in the deep layer within the scope of 16km2, geochemical survey has been carried out in Caoxian county. 14 kinds of indexs have been tested, such as N, P, K, Cu, Zn, B, Mo, Mn, F, As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd and other elements. On the basis of counting geochemical parameters of surface and deep soil, differences of the similar parameters in the entire province and in the world have been analyzed. The correlation between element content s in surface and deep soil has been analyzed. It is regarded that significant characteristics of element content in the soil are high in F and low in P, Zn and Mo. The contents of most elements in the surface soil inherited the compositional characteristics of soil parent material, but the N, P, F, Hg in the surface soil significantly enriched due to human activities and pollution sources.