In order to grasp the cumulative characteristics of heavy metals in farmland soil and agricultural products in a typical agricultural area in eastern Sanjiang plain and evaluate their health risks, taking a typical rice planting area with an area of about 180km2 in eastern Sanjiang plain as the research object, by using plum blossom method for sampling, a total of 50 soil and agricultural product samples have been collected. By using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry, the content of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As and Hg heavy metals in soil and agricultural products have been measured. The pollution load index method has been used to analyze the level of soil heavy metal pollution, and a heavy metal health risk assessment model has been used to evaluate the non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in agricultural products. It is indicated that nearly half of the soil heavy metal sites in the study area are at a moderate pollution level, and excessive Ni and As in rice may cause food safety risks. After conducting a heavy metal health risk assessment, it is found that As is the main non carcinogenic pollutant in the rice samples from the study area. Exposure to heavy metal As by ingesting rice from the study area can pose a non carcinogenic risk to human health; Ni, Pb, As, and Cr are the main pollutants at risk of carcinogenesis. Exposure to Ni, Pb, As and Cr through ingestion of rice in the study area will pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.The research results will provide a decision-making basis for food crop safety and environmental management.